- Feb 06, 2025
- News
The Difference Between Lifting Beam and Spreader Bar
Lifting beams and spreader bars are both tools used to distribute the weight of a load, but they differ in the types of forces they experience and their applications.
There is a special accessory on cranes, the spreader bar. Some people who are not familiar with cranes may misunderstand its use with crane beams. But their design, function is different, this article focuses on the difference between the two.
1. Definitions and Core Functions
Spreader Bars
A spreader bar, sometimes called a lifting bar or spreader beam, is a rigid structural device designed to distribute lifting forces across multiple attachment points. It stabilizes loads by maintaining a fixed distance between slings, preventing inward compression. The primary forces acting on a spreader bar are compressive, as the device transfers weight vertically through its frame to the slings.
Common Applications:
Stabilizing large, flexible loads (e.g., pipes, shipping containers).
Lifting wide or fragile objects prone to buckling.
Offshore operations requiring load control in dynamic environments.
Lifting Beams
A lifting beam is a single structural member that connects directly to a crane's hook, with load attachment points located below the beam. Unlike spreader bars, lifting beams primarily endure bending forces due to their configuration. They are ideal for concentrated loads requiring vertical lift without horizontal stabilization.
Common Applications:
Handling loads with limited headroom.
Lifting machinery or equipment with a single lifting point.
Situations requiring precise load positioning.
2. Structural Design and Load Handling
Spreader Bar Design
- Geometry: Spreader bars are typically straight, with end fittings (shackles or padeyes) for sling attachment. Their length corresponds to the required load width.
- Force Distribution: By creating a wider stance, spreader bars reduce sling angles, minimizing horizontal forces. This aligns with the formula:
Sling Tension=Load Weight/2×cos(θ)
where θ is the sling angle. Smaller angles (closer to vertical) lower tension on slings.
- Materials: High-strength steel or aluminum alloys are common, with corrosion-resistant coatings for marine use.
Lifting Beam Design
- Geometry: Lifting beams often feature a central top lug for crane attachment and multiple lower lugs for load connection. Some include adjustable trolleys for variable lifting points.
- Bending Resistance: The beam's cross-sectional shape (I-beam, box beam) and material thickness are engineered to withstand bending moments. Calculations consider:
where M is the bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis, and I is the moment of inertia.
- Weight Considerations: Lifting beams are generally heavier than spreader bars due to their load-bearing requirements.
3. Operational Comparison: Spreader Beam vs Lifting Beam
| Factor | Spreader Bar | Lifting Beam |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Forces | Compression | Bending |
| Sling Angles | Maintains wide angles to reduce tension | Sling angles not a critical factor |
| Headroom Requirements | Requires more vertical space | Suitable for low headroom |
| Load Stability | Prefers wide, unstable loads | Handles compact, rigid loads |
| Adjustability | Fixed length; limited adaptability | Adjustable lugs for variable positions |
4. Compliance with Lifting Beam Standards and Regulations
Both devices must adhere to industry standards to ensure safety and performance:
- ASME B30.20: Specifies design, inspection, and testing protocols for below-the-hook lifting devices, including load rating verification and fatigue testing.
- OSHA 1926.251: Mandates pre-use inspections for rigging equipment, emphasizing structural integrity and load limits.
- ISO 10972: Provides international guidelines for crane machinery, including material strength and weld quality.
A 2021 analysis by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) attributed 7% of crane-related incidents to improper rigging equipment selection, highlighting the need for compliance (BLS Crane Incident Report).
5. Selecting the Right Device for Your Application
When to Use a Spreader Beam
Loads susceptible to compression damage (e.g., thin-walled tanks).
Multi-point lifts requiring equalized force distribution.
Applications demanding reduced sling tension.
When to Use a Lifting Beam
Limited vertical clearance (e.g., indoor facilities).
Loads with pre-engineered lifting points (e.g., cast-in lugs).
Precision lifts requiring minimal horizontal movement.
6. Maintenance and Inspection Protocols
Regular inspections are critical for both devices:
- Spreader Bars: Check for buckling, corrosion at joints, and wear on end fittings.
- Lifting Beams: Inspect welds, lugs, and bending zones for cracks or deformation.
The Crane Inspection and Certification Bureau (CICB) recommends quarterly inspections for high-frequency use and annual load testing per ASME standards (CICB Guidelines).
Conclusion
Understanding the distinction between spreader beams and lifting beams ensures safe, efficient load handling. Spreader bars excel in stabilizing wide loads through compressive force distribution, while lifting beams optimize vertical lifting in constrained spaces. Compliance with lifting beam standards such as ASME B30.20 and OSHA regulations, coupled with rigorous maintenance, mitigates operational risks. For complex applications, you can consult Yuantai or refer to resources like the ASME Below-the-Hook Design Manual.
